^{You Have not Changed Far Enough. Change is Difficult}

                      ^{(This is my response to Prof.Tecola)}

     ^{Getachew Reda}

Editor�s Note: I often observe a type of reasoning, identified by logicians under the general name of argumentum ad hominem, used by a number of Ethiopians writing essays posted in Websites or writing synaptic remarks in Internet Chat groups on political issues, such as Getachew Reda and others. I find the piece by Getachew Reda, which is posted herein below, most illustrative of such logical malady. Despite the fact of misleading quotations offered out of context by Getachew Reda, we posted the article as an illustrative example that will help us focus on issues and not personalities. However, I am not undermining the force of this form of fallacy because on first blush, at least on the surface, appears to be an effective tool in exposing the error of an opponent, but is disappointingly hollow on closer scrutiny. It only momentarily divert our attention from the basic issue at hand because it does not address the point of contention on that particular issue-on-hand and diverts our attention on to the opponent�s individual character or alleged past errors. It is a particular type of argumentum ad hominem sometimes also identified as a Red Herring or a Straw Man argument. The technical name for such type of fallacious argument is Argumentum ad Tu Quoque or "two wrongs make right" fallacy.

"Tu Quoque is a very common fallacy in which one attempts to defend oneself or another from criticism by turning the critique back against the accuser. This is a classic Red Herring since whether the accuser is guilty of the same, or a similar, wrong is irrelevant to the truth of the original charge. However, as a diversionary tactic, Tu Quoque can be very effective, since the accuser is put on the defensive, and frequently feels compelled to defend against the accusation." S. Morris Engel, With Good Reason: An Introduction to Informal Fallacies, 5^{th edition, St. Martine�s, 1994, pages 204-206.}

^{I am going to some length pointing out the danger of using this form of writing because similar format is used also to justify the brutal and murderous activities or actions of a group by indicating that there are also similar activities or actions by other groups. In other words, �two wrongs make a right� form of reasoning�a tu quoque fallacy. In our Ethiopian setting, I find some Ethiopians justifying or defending the actions of the government of November 1, 2005 and after by pointing out alleged violence by the Opposition supporters and leadership against the security forces of the Government of Meles Zenawi. In case of Getachew Reda�s attempted refutation of a portion of my article on disobedience, truth, and human rights, dealing with recent essays by Professor Getatchew Haile, Getachew Reda used the classic example of tu quoque argument by quoting from a couple of books I wrote in 1995 and 1999 where allegedly I was slurring Tygreans as a group, thus justifying Professor Getatchew�s writing that I have identified in my article as an attack on an ethnic (Tygreans) group. Do two wrongs turn into right? On just such ground we can simply ask Getachew Reda to go back to the drawing board and write his criticism of my essay without such fallacious rhetorical devices.}

^{Even if we accept the allegation of Getachew Reda of my anti-Tygrean writings as quoted by him as true, we must also accept the larger fact that looms that after all I am an "equal opportunity" critique, not a Tygrean or Amhara, or Oromo narrow nationalist or ethnic chauvinist. There is no substitute for correct and logical reasoning. Any form of slanter/rhetoric device used by cleaver writers or by writers unknowingly falling into the use of such device because it is appealing to the emotion, looks convincing on the surface, seems an unassailable et cetera, are not doing anyone a favor, but dirtying the water and mangling the discourse, and diverting the attention of readers away from the real issues. Tecola Hagos (Editor)}

^{You Have not Changed Far Enough. Change is Difficult}

                      ^{(This is my response to Prof.Tecola)}

                               ^{Getachew Reda}

                            ^{(San Jose, California)}

                                ^{(November 28, 2005)}

         ^{As readers and you remember, last time on EthioMedia. com, I have written a response to your critique of the opposition and in general the current political atmosphere in Ethiopia and the Diaspora opposition groups. (This time I SENT YOU THIS ARTICLE TO BE POSTED ON YOUR WEBSITE BASED ON YOUR COMPLAINTS LAST TIME FOR NOT SENDING IT TO YOUR WEBSITE TO BE POSTED). As you well remember also, it looks you didn�t bother too much to response to my questions knowing there were some issues needed a response.  You simply bit it with the common habit of the Ethiopian educated elites response �go back and read the whole article carefully� type of attitude as if I do not understand your writings or as if I pick one phrase out of the entire content. This is not unusual for educated sectors with such. Gelawdewos Araya is the other individual who like to do the same when he feels uncertain to response to his own writings (interviews) caught with his own confusion..}

^{Some of the OLFities too like to tone themselves in such attitude when they failed to understand their own position.}

          ^{Therefore, please do answer my critiques properly instead of simplify it as if I lack understanding your writings or as if I took a single line out of the entire content of the view. I am also positive; none of you needs optical magnification to read my writings. All my critiques were based on your comments. Your comments against Hailu Shaul- an opposition leader suffering inside the �Weyane-Gulags� worried me so much than ever before, when you accused opposition leader something that didn�t came across his head (he is just not a violence, he is not the way you or the TPLFities portrait him unfairly).}

         ^{There was many ways TPLF government tried to portrait Hailu Shaul to let the public know as if he was brutal Mengistu�s partner. Such was an absurd failed propaganda that went flat before it floats to the air. There was nothing about him that the public didn�t already know about him or his past. There is uncertainty.  The very fact the term uncertainty I am using here is significant. What was worrying this writer so much as tried to understand many of the x-TPLF supporters, the analysis of politics many TPLFIties use, even after they left the old TPL universe behind them is a concern to me. Not all, but some of them are engaged and took a position controversy to what the public expected from them (look what Abraham Yayeh�s and Hailu Mengesha�s position of arguments look like!). Many of them- one of them is �you�, produce a doubtful political analysis. Their theoretical prediction (political theory) is bizarre or utopian. At times their writings conflict each other. At time, they reflect racist satiric. Beyond this points, other concepts apply: - some of it is the following; - many of the x-TPLF supporters seem to react or has difficulty going along with the new change. They react to the new wave as �Amahara plot�, �Mehar Sefari, Shewa plot, Ankorobit�s plot, Nefetenga Revolution�.� Their position of argument in such analysis is short of current reality when establish such. They seem to fall easily to the TPLF propaganda trap. I am expecting a brilliant explanatory debates from educated fellows better than the irrational at times absurd accusations pouring against the �Ethiopian�-opposition leaders currently their live in danger.}

             ^{In many cases, I found many of the x-TPLF supporters conflicting with the present struggle. The current legitimate oppositions are too precious for many of us to sit and watch degraded their contribution by people who are not better fighters than them. We simply cannot offered to lose them or let them be battered or abused by Internet lecturers. We got those leaders finally aligned to one focus through many difficulties and sacrifices. We can�t offer to dehumanized them or accuse them of any, to expose them to be easy prey to the Pistol Packing Gangs of the wild-eyed terrorists of TPLF security spy and cadres or any anti Ethiopian secessionist petty feudal gangs. Let us not forget, that the struggle we are talking about is as fresh as we speak. Therefore, when you look at one opposition individual as Haile Shaul � you are looking at Millions behind him, and it is not positive to hammer him or others while their life is at the mouth of the TPLF hyenas. We have to learn from the previous lessons not to give an inch of any open space for Meles to murder them. Let us post pond our sward if any for later.}

       ^{The stand of the x-TPLF elements and other so called educated elements need to stop tantrum like a child to accuse the CUDP opposition as anti TPLF or anti Tigrayians. TPLF /EPRDF needs to be knockout from the gripping power. Professor Tecola needs to stop confusing readers playing with words. Your writings are true indication that you have not changed far enough. Let us now see why I do not support your views.}

            ^{When professor Getachew Haile used the word TPLFities (which I always use it. Though mine is TPLFitis � the �itis�  in the medical term means infection- TPLF infected by Eritrean fighters and anti Ethiopian mercenary spy cadres commanding inside in it. ) which professor Tecola defines it as a meaning reference to  �Tigreans�. It is absurd for Tecola to go with such definition (TPLFities as to meant or reference to Tigreans). For professor Tecola or other x-TPLF officials or members seem increasingly, become uncertain about what to make a definition of TPLF on their theory of TPLF. They are caught in the middle of love and hate about this mercenary organization called �TPLF�. I understand it is a tough love. They needed to fully alienate themselves from such mercenary organization. It is now clear (if such definition could have been given years back I could see the confusion), but TPLF is not a Tigrayian organization work for Tigrayans at this moment of time any more, or even from the origin of the time of Dedebit if you like! So, needed to be �looked�. To �Look at it� means to �Knock it out� (Werner Heisenberg- the uncertain principle- a German nuclear scientist). In other words to dismantled and explode it into pieces. That is what you and others must in practice do as you wrote it in your book � TPLF must be dismantled�.}

          ^{For Getachew Haile to use the term �TPLFities� in reference to TPLF sympathizers/supporters/ or collaborators is a perfect acronym. It is what I call it �TPLF Community� (not Tigrayian community). In your definitions, �TPLFitiets� as to meant �Tigrayan people� has no bases at all. We believe TPLFities (TPLF organization) must be dismantled as you said it in your book �Demystifying political thoughts..�  and replaced by enlightened one. Because TPLF is as you said it � Almost all of the Ethiopia�s current problems were magnified, and some new ones were created by the leadership of TPLF� which �TPLF� was also founded by the same leaders. Therefore, we call those  �Chifras� (followers- sycophantic subordinates) the source energy of the TPLF leadership as �TPLFities.}

             ^{Are Tigrayan people TPLF Chifras? If they follow TPLF as their organization then so be it. They deserve to be called TPLFietes if truly are TPLF followers. I don�t think Tigrayans are TPLF Chifras. How so?  How can they worship young feudal elites who forced TPLF guerrilla fighters to go and die for Eritreans in order to gave away their ports and lands to their enemy on the process to land lack Ehiopia their country? As you stated it in your book,  � It is truly mind boggling for such semi-urbanized peasant boys from little towns in Tigraei or elsewhere, to be jet-setting all over the World as adults oblivion of the suffering of millions of Ethiopians!� Only TPLFieties follow such organization, which is whole heart an Eritrean advocacy commanded and supervised, by former EPLF fighters and enemy spy agents. TPLF is not a Tigrayan by nature. It is a Tigrayan curse, an Eritrean organization masquerading Tigrayan organization. If it fits well- will you like it if I use your term �Mehal Sefaris� to replace  TPLFieties?}

        ^{How can Tecola gets agitated by Getachew Haile�s usage of the term TPLFitiies or Hailu shawul�s (the current legitimate Ethiopian opposition leader suffering inside the TPLF Gulag) speech as � being belligerent�, when Tecola himself didn�t get agitated in his own writings what he had to say about the people of Tigray? What if Tecola is challenged by Hailu Shaul or Getachew Haile to explain what he meant when Tecola wrote in his book of Demystifying Political Thought on page 62  � There is no doubt to the fact that Tygreans in general have a much more pronounced narrow ethnic chauvinistic attitude than most Ethiopians; as individuals, they are the most materialistic and narcissistic.� What could be the reaction of Tecola  or any other Tigraway if such was suppose to be written by Hailu Shaul? Can anyone of you guess and tell me what the reaction and the anger of scream could have been reflected from the TPLFitis community or from any Tigrayan community, if Hailu Shaul could have said this in the public gathering or on any media interview?}             

     ^{You have also expressed your disappointment by professor Getchew Haile and other similarly disposed (your word) �intellectuals �.� Regarding the economic growth in Tigray stating your reasons as the following ��. should have contained an explicit expression of approval for the development taking place in Mekele and vicinity and a demand that the same degree of development effort should be exerted to develop other urban magnet centers in Wollo, Begemider, Gojjam, Bale, illubabur, Harar� rather than engage in brow-beating, lamenting and accusing the government of Meles of taking property away from the rest of the of Ethiopia.�}

      ^{Dear professor Tecola:- First of all, it is helpful to both sides to come to a term the amount of finance and material allocated to Tigray and when (period) such development in Tigray took place and under which leadership? Are we talking �now� or when Gebru, Seye and others were leaders in Tigray from 1901-2001?}   

      ^{To my understanding all those years my self communicating ideas with him in EEDN community, at times arguments in Ethiopian Register when needed to consolidate our position of the struggle on different views, his many articles in different times on magazines indicates, he is not against any positive development took place in Tigray. Even if you claim, he didn�t say �fair allocation to the rest all areas as well as done to Tigray�; - arguing his case supported by a statistic and economist�s research to show the discriminatory budget allocation by TPLF/EPRDF leaders sitting in government power to build Tigray as exceptional area, in itself is a reasonable argument, which should not be treated as a jealousy/bias or anti Tigray or brow biting. We agree to disagree without accusing each of us out of the argument when we debate such discriminatory budget allocation seen in Tigray for solid ten years.}

        ^{To most Ethiopians who are skeptical about any of the programs of the EPRDF lead government of Ethiopia, the type of autonomy Tygreai is accorded amounts to political and economic independence and other political concerns (Tecola Hagos -Demystifying Political Thoughts) With this in mind, that is exactly the impression of Getcahew Haile and others on such particular period/atmosphere Therefore, no question, they have explicit expression of approval for the development of Tigray at the same time demand repeatedly to do the same to other by arguing their case in a form of statistic and economic researches issued from many Ethiopian economists and other related sources and other foreign aid and development agencies.}

       ^{As you well know and asserted it in your book (Demystifying Political Thoughts) page 62 �Meles is left behind as head of the Ethiopian government in Addis Ababa, supposedly, in order to facilitate the smooth flow of capital and equipment for investment and development purposes in Tigreai�. Your book on page 62.}

     ^{Be, Getachew or any concerned Ethiopian citizen argued such economic appeal in Tigray to be distributed fairly in other places at the time, the principal concern was not only discriminative economic but isolating Tigrayan population in variety ways from the majority of us. Such divisive ethnic policy was the talk of the day that took the soul out of all of us. The economic policy might be the secondary major concern, but even if such policy, one wants to appeal as a concern at the time to the Government in Addis Ababa � the �Ethiopian Government� had no control on the economic or political life of Tigray. This was the strongest concern we were having/confronting. Such was the primary concern at the time. Let me support the concern of the time using your excellent analysis of the time in Tigray. �  The Government of Ethiopian, in the real world, has no control on the economic and political life of Tigreai. The EPRDF controlled government of Ethiopia is a government in name only when it comes to Tigreai. It acts as a cover to the independently run �State� of Tygreai. The TPLF leadership in Tigray has its own military; its own government structure, its own development plan and can also conduct its own international relations with foreign governments and international financial organizations. To most Ethiopians, who are skeptical about any of the programs of the EPRDF lead government of Ethiopia, the type of autonomy Tygreai is accorded amounts to political and economic independence- a sort of free and sovereign sate within a state. In the eye of the rest of the rest of Ethiopians, what remained suspended or untouched as yet is a formal recognition of Tigreai by the United Nations and/or the Organization of African Unity (OAU) as independent state.�(Demystifying Political thoughts �Tecola Hagos 199}

            ^{As you eloquently assessed it, at that time of such Hoopla and the all nightlong dance (Wogah Tibel Leytee) by TPLFities and EPLFitie concerts waving TPLF/EPLF flags all over the word, it was really a challenging time for all of us who were outside TPLF universe seeing the heavy defection of many Tigrayans to TPLF comp from being associate with the rest - Such nefarious policy has no where to go but downward, into the underworld of constant conflict and violence as we see it currently and for the last 14 years or so. Our concern (yours and mine) or professor Getachew�s or any of the rest of the Ethiopians was not only dismayed by the negative works of those whom your book called them  �semi-urbanized peasant boys from little towns in Tigray jet-setting all over the world as adults oblivion of the suffering of millions of Ethiopians� but also by the silence of the �many� Tigrayans at that time when they were energized by ethnic fuel. I am not going to hesitate to tell the population of Tigray in many ways who has a hand to the abuse against them selves too.   Regardless I was the first person to admit Tigrayans suffer the most regarding human rights issue at the hands of the brutal criminal gangs of TPLF for tolerating un believable years of suffering by this nefarious policy, the rest of the nation as well was not doing what it should have done to shorten the term of the economic or political abuse by TPLF CRIMINAL CYNDICATS}

              ^{Before I go to the next argument, -may I ask, what happened to the movement in Tigray when large population of the country is engaging empty hand wrestled with the bayonet of the Agazi commando gangs � (as seen and reported in Addis Ababa by reporter). Don�t we have enough reasons to why Tigrayans are more subdued and buttered and abused, murdered by TPLF gangs than the rest? If we agree Tigray population doesn�t support TPLF, then- is it a valid reason for the Tigray population or any Tigrayan youth to hide behind unfounded reason that �the opposition or Kinijjit is anti Tigray people�? If that is the reason behind it- to the why the population of Tigray kept silent when the rest are engaged confronting with murderers hand-to-hand with empty hand, then it frustrates me.  The rage of the Ethiopian population inside and outside the country ranging from graffiti and poster filled walls to public meetings, protests and demonstrations is not meant to liberate the rest of the country from TPLF/EPRDF gangs, but also to liberate Tigray population from their oppressors too. I am equally frustrated to why the mass population of Tigray for not responding exactly the way the good Tigrayan community in Diaspora reject Mele�s treasonous & and inhuman acts  (those are the good Ethiopian Tigrayaians such as, �the marvelous, the beloved son of Tigray Abraha Belay of Ethiomedia.com�, International Tigray Solidarity, Ethiopian commentator �Dejen radio�, TAND, an organizations lead by Dr Geedey � and other good Tigrayan communities and individuals).}

                 ^{All Tigrayians can�t offer to keep silent or be on the side as neutral at this time when Meles ordered his Agazi gangs to murder unarmed men, stabbing boys and girls, torturing thousands of people young and old women and children on our name TIGRAY PEOPLE LIBRATION FRONT/EPRDF).}

       ^{In your part 2-(Walking Through the Ethiopian �Intellectual� Gauntlet). You said �it is irresponsible for anyone to attack Meles Zenawi or members of the ruling coalition by identifying them as �Tygraans� and more so if possible by �Showaean/Addis Ababeans�. Dear professor, - If they don�t get identified by their ethnicity then by what do we have to identify them when they themselves told the population written in governmental constitution to identify them by their Goassa, Zer, blood�? Have you heard the interview what Professor Mesfin had to go through with the Visa/Kebele people when he tried to get a clearance paper from these authorities when he needed to go get visa exit for abroad a longtime a go if my recall is correct on the  EPRDF piece mouth Aend Ethiopia radio interview?}

          ^{They asked him to identify himself his Zer/blood. He said I don�t know my Zer, all I know is I am an Ethiopian. The authority keeps insisted unless he tells/knows his zer/ethnic, they will not authorized his clearance. After so many arguments and the authorized individual using, his common sense (not that the constitution say so, but using his personal common sense) allowed him to identify himself as Ethiopian, and then gave him the clearance. Imagine, at this moment, what can someone called these people if we do not identify them on their ethnicity, which they love to be called by their ethnicity? How can you explain your expression of �Tygrean government� as you wrote it in your book when you said, � Since the current government is run as a virtual Tygrean government�-? - (Demystifying Political Thoughts �page 154). Why would you need to identify the government as Tygrean if you don�t wont others to identify the rulers as Tygreans?}   

        ^{What also amazed me is you criticized professor Getachew Haile; for complaining that the present government in Ethiopia is virtual Tygrean government. For this he argued the discriminatory economy policy (favored Tigrayans which already had negative impact on others) and political power (controlled by Tigreans-) any Tigrayan who are benefited by it, must feel Ethiopians instead of falling into the fractures created by TPLF ethnic policy. That was his assertion �if I understood him well.  If you and I, agree the present government in Addis Ababa is exclusively lead /controlled by Tigreans (of course mercenaries!) and it is in name only when it comes to Tigray, which acts as a cover up to the independently run �State� of Tigray which Tigray has its own military, security, flag, conduct its own ministers, parliament and conduct international relations with foreign governments and international financial relations, -}

             ^{-then-/ what else is different/left to the Tigrayan citizens living under this circumstances willing or unwilling alienated by ethnic politics and institutions from the rest of Ethiopians in a strange way living under the TPLF authorities different than the rest in a lot of variety way of administration?}

              ^{This is exactly what happened to Eritreans living under Italian colonialism. (Though some may disagree, TPLF policy is not Italian administration- I invite anyone to challenge me on this-) Eritreans, did not accept the propaganda agitation and administration of Italy while living under it for years, but the propaganda radicalized them gradually to feel different citizens, senses, feelings and communal associations of Eritreaness other than their originality of Ethiopianwinet. Therefore, we saw what has been done and happened to the Eritrean psych when time goes by. Such should not be minimized or dismissed as delusion. Cause and effect are always there to affect some ones� psych no mater who.}

                ^{We have to keep encourage those who felt isolated for many reasons by TPLF propaganda works to feel Ethiopians (even though we tried to defend such scenario as nothing is happening) it is there, we might not see it, but it is there. It is clear example what we saw in Washington-DC- (against VOA Amharic) protestors of TPLFities felt isolated than the rest of Millions of Ethiopians who condemned <Meles Zenawi�s massacre of children. Women, young, elderly by his Agazi troops while this tiny group is going after VOA for airing the massacre to the Ethiopians who have are block out of any news and information. Check the color of the �flag� that many million Ethiopians wave and hold during protest compared with their Ethiopian flag blue stripe in the middle. This is a bad phenomenon. To dismiss it, by saying �who the hell are you to tell Tigrayans or Eritreans to feel Ethiopian when Tigrayns are the pillar of the soul of Ethiopia � is nothing but pouring emotions.}

               ^{The situation in reality is indeed, far from what we read and see currently. Since, the vast business interests is controlled by TPLF criminal syndicates in Tigray and elsewhere in Ethiopia, it is possible the TPLF syndicate is a mafia like criminal syndicate, which has the ability to destabilize the psych of the Tigray people in different ways as the Italian fascist syndicates did to the Eritrean population. (I might come back with this in other article some other time). So all of us have the obligation to encourage those who are under the TPLF psych in Tigray and elsewhere to feel Ethiopian. To feel Ethiopian is not to stand for Meles Zenawis mercenary policies and human right abuse. To feel Ethiopian means to feel what the dehumanize people�s pain and the oppressed people�s pain feels like in your soul and in every seconds of your life. To cry when your country cry for its ports and territories. You stand up against dictators when the population stands up against dictators and mercenaries. That is Ethiopiwinet mean.}

                       ^{Defensive alone without looking at the reality is not going to help Tigray or anyone else at a time when Ethiopiawinet is at a time of constantly battered, abused and attacked in different direction.}

                ^{Before I conclude my view, on the same section (2) you felt dismayed with professor Getachew Haile�s way of using words. To explain your disagreement you sated your view- saying  �writing in such hate filled and derogatory manner is not to be expected from a scholar or an octogarian of any worth.� This is because he sees the flow of huge economy to Tigray by TPLF syndicates referred it as �Greed� (correct me if I understood it wrongly). For him to characterize it as �Greed� it angered you and you responded saying, �this type of characterization GOES BEYONE the economic policy of government and becomes a slur of a group�.  If I may, - please bear with me, I am not siding on behalf of professor Getachew Haile when I argued with you based on your arguments, but I feel obliged to come to the bottom of the issue as a reader.}

                 ^{Now, if the above was your expression, please explain to me what you also yourself said on page 154-155  (Demystifying Political Thoughts) � What is the economic contribution of Tigreai to the rest of Ethiopia? �As a consequence of such parochialism, Tigraie seems to have a parasitic and exploitative relationship with the rest of Ethiopia. There is not much that the rest of Ethiopia is benefiting from Tygreai except vicariously relive the �glorious� days of the ancient Axumite Empire!� (P, 154-155) if I correctly read this part as your own view written on your book (my apology if it is not your view),}

               ^{If so, don�t you think this characterization goes beyond criticizing the economic policy of government and become a slur of a group? I am just worried what would the rest of the Tigrayians be and what would be your clarification for it? This is beside what you said on page �62�. - I am just forwarding it not on my side of argument but as a reader what if someone asks you to clarify your views on such, if it Professor Getachew Haile�s word �Greed� angers you?}

        ^{One thing strikes my mind why you want to attack Hailu Shawul as a violent on your last conclusion on your paper. Could it because he did not follow your Lottocracy political system? Professor, I believe, no mater what, no mater how you accuse him, call him violent, belligerent, armature� his contribution to the struggle is way much better than your philosophy of �Lottocrcy� page 94 (same book I mentioned above). What did you said in 1998? Regarding how Ethiopians should be free from this beasts and vicious Pistol Packing Gangs of TPLF? A man of yourself, a scholar and professional politician, and a professor came to advice Ethiopians to follow a Lottery System Democracy to bring democracy to Ethiopia. And that was by Lottory�. You named it �Lottocracy�. You said �Since democratic government through elections has simply become a ritual with no political significance. So why feed a myth?�}

       ^{This system is ��the method on the organization of governments and transfer of power by involving a lottery for the highest executive offices - you call such method Lottocracy. Rather than electing the head of state and/or government, a lottery is drawn from the population eligible to hold public office.}

         ^{Dear Professor Tecola, this article is not to disrespect you sir. I have full respect to your profession as a scholar and as my brother and I as your youngest and your student, This exchange of ideas must be treated between two brothers to bring solution to the quagmire our country is in///- May God of Ethiopia bring a better future for its people//- END}

    ^{Getachew Reda}